John Michael Bishop is an American virologist who shared (with co-worker Harold Varmus) of the N…

John Michael Bishop is an American virologist who shared (with co-worker Harold Varmus) of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1989 for achievements in clarifying the cellular origins of retroviral oncogenes associated with cancer.

They showed that normal genes under certain circumstances can cause cancer, and this new insight profoundly changed the understanding of cancer.

When retroviridae introduce genes into the DNA of host cells, normal cell growth, division or differentiation results in mutations creating cancer genes, known as oncogenes. Such oncogenes can then become part of the host’s own DNA.

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