Charles Edouard Chamberland was a French bacteriologist who developed the first pressure steam st…

Charles Edouard Chamberland was a French bacteriologist who developed the first pressure steam sterilizer, called Chamberland’s autoclave. When Henry Bastian (who believed in spontaneous generation) disputed Louis Pasteur’s claim that boiling killed all bacteria, Pasteur asked Chamberland, then his assistant, to study sterilization. Chamberland found there were some heat-resistant spores and killing them required maintaining 115ºC for twenty minutes. This work led to new methods for sterilization and the autoclave that became an indispensable tool in hospitals. He also devised a filtration process to purify liquids with porous unglazed porcelain, used in city water works. In 1888, he became the director supervising the department of the Pasteur Institute which prepared vaccines (from 1888). With Jouan, he studied Pasurella microorganisms.

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